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Engineering interkingdom communication for next-generation therapeutic approaches

Brian Snyder and Christopher H. Contag, from Michigan State University, discuss engineering interkingdom communication, which is not for palace intrigue, but for next-generation therapeutic approaches they argue.

Adipose tissue: A treasure trove of stem cells for regenerative medicine

Adipose tissue, commonly known as fat, has long been considered a mere energy reservoir. However, recent discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of this tissue, placing it at the heart of advances in stem cells and regenerative medicine.
Figure 1: Three different non-genetically encoded scaffolds regulate cellular responses. The interactions between them are normally kept in check to ensure that cells remain healthy and functional, with arrows indicating positive interactions and dotted lines with a bar at one end representing inhibitory events. The Z-RNAs expressed from the genome will cause inflammatory cell death when interferon induces high levels of ZBP1 (as indicated by the scarlet shading). That response eliminates virally infected cells, other aged cells that no longer function normally, and those inflamed cells that support the growth of malignancies.

Cellular scaffolding: Crowdsourcing cellular responses in health and disease

In this article, Dr Alan Herbert discusses how different types of cellular scaffolds interact and impact the risk of diseases, citing the example of Z-RNAs pushing cells to inflammatory states in tumors and autoimmune conditions, setting the stage for new therapeutics.
Purple dna

Personalized medicine beyond cancer: Impact on other diseases

With a focus on type 2 diabetes and Parkinson’s disease, Dr Priya Hays explores how personalized medicine approaches are impacting the development of therapies for other chronic conditions beyond cancer.

Protecting the human epigenome with nutritional epigenetics intervention programs

Dr Renee J. Dufault, Executive Director at the Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, explains the significance of nutritional epigenetics in understanding the impact of nutrients and dietary chemicals on gene expression patterns, as well as their role in the development of conditions such as autism and ADHD.
3d Render DNA Molecule Helix, Biotechnology, Molecular structure Concept (Depth Of Field)

Healthy aging: A novel therapy to reverse age-related damage

What if we could turn back the clock on age-associated dysfunctions by using a therapy that not only treats symptoms but acts to correct the underlying pathology and restores cells to normal function? Lori A. Birder and Edwin K. Jackson from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, explain how this could be a possibility.

Flipons: The discovery of Z-DNA and soft-wired genomes

Alan Herbert, Founder and President of InsideOutBio, discusses alternative DNA conformations and understanding of their biological functions.
Figure 1. Gene expression regulated by tissue-specific regulatory elements/enhancers

How the dark genome enlightens the molecular mechanisms of diseases

In this article, Antoinette van Ouwerkerk and Salvatore Spicuglia from INSERM highlight the significance of regulatory variants within the non-coding genome – often referred to as the ‘dark genome’ – in influencing gene expression and disease.
Microscopic blue bacteria background

The challenge of generating lasting mucosal anti-viral sterilising immunity

Achieving sterilising immunity is often challenging and sometimes even impossible. This article gives a glimpse into the concepts behind and highlights some recent advances and challenges.
Figure: Generation of engineered heart tissues (Left) and a cardiac organoid (Right) derived from iPSCs. Left: Scale bar: 500 μm Right: White: Troponin T2 (cardiomyocytes), Green: GFP (fibroblasts), Red: Fibronectin, Blue: Nuclei. Scale bar: 50 μm - treatments for cardiac ailments

The role of stem cell-derived tissues in novel treatments for cardiac ailments

Curbs on animal testing mean human tissues derived from induced pluripotent stem cells offer a promising platform in discovering novel treatments for cardiac ailments.
Cellular therapy. 3d illustration

The ethical and legal challenges of cell donation for brain organoid research

Ethical and legal concerns raised by the use of human biological materials, especially cells from adult donors and foetal tissues, must be thoroughly examined.
Cancer malignant cells - 3d rendered image, abstract enhanced scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of cancer malignant cells. Visual of overall shape of the cell's surface at a very high magnification. Medical research concept.

From selfish silo to collaborative culture – embracing data-enabled cancer research

Aedin Culhane and Mark Lawler, Co-Leads of the eHealth Hub for Cancer, reflect on their data-enabled cancer research journeys, how their collaborative team science approach has reaped significant dividends in cancer research and policy and how the hub is inducing a paradigm shift in how health data are deployed on the island of Ireland.
Microscopic preparation, tissue plant

What imaging reveals about engineered endosymbionts

Ashley V. Makela and Christopher H. Contag from the Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, walk us through watching living therapeutics in action, including what imaging reveals about engineered endosymbionts.
Figure 1: Beneficial effects of Kinase inhibition for multiple indications

Protein kinases for combating inflammatory disease

Julie Blaising, Discovery Project Leader in Immunology at F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, tells us why protein kinases are an effective target for treating many chronic inflammatory disorders.

The different facets of biodiversity

Professor F. Guillaume Blanchet from Université de Sherbrooke explores the various aspects of biodiversity and the challenge involved in monitoring it.
Still image of highly dynamic chromatin (red) interacts with Arc pucta (green). Shown is a small detail of a neuronal nucleus imaged by high-resolution microscopy. Notice how finger-like extensions of the chromatin transiently visit Arc pucta. The movie is sped up 10 times.

Arc: A new target for treating alzheimer’s disease

Antonius M. VanDongen, Associate Professor from Duke University, walks us through Arc, a new target for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Figure 1. Chemical evolution of type I and type II tRNAs. 3 31 nucleotide minihelices of known sequence were linked to form the 93 nucleotide tRNA precursor, which was processed to type I and type II tRNAs by internal 9 nucleotide deletion(s). The colors are consistent with the model. Molecular graphics were done using ChimeraX

Transfer RNA as a written molecular history of the life transition on earth

Zachary Burton, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, reports on tRNA (transfer RNA) as a written molecular history of the pre-life to life transition on Earth ~4 billion years ago.
Genomic analysis visualization. Dna genomes sequencing, deoxyribonucleic acid genetic map and genome sequence analyze. Bioinformatics forensics data or dna radiographic testing vector concept

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools in genetics

Vessela Kristensen and Dag Undlien uncover AI tools in genetics, from variant recognition to clinical implementation.
Figure 1. The reflexivity of AARS genes and the challenges of understanding its origin. The figure illustrates three main challenges. (I) We must construct a bidirectional gene (salmon background) that uses a minimal amino acid alphabet to encode ancestral AARS from Classes I and II on opposite strands. Polypeptide and nucleic acid sequences have directions indicated by (N,C) and (5’,3’). The genes are sequences of codons (colored ellipses) and use only two types of amino acids, A and B. (II) We must show that both coded proteins (I and II) fold into active assignment catalysts that recognize both amino acid and tRNA (colored letters, ellipses in cavities), producing (mostly) aminoacyl-tRNAs with correct amino acids and anticodons. (III) We have to show that the aminoacylated RNAs can assemble onto messenger RNAs (I) and (II), transcribed from the bidirectional gene (reversed dashed arrows).

Structural biology research and the origins of genetic coding

Charles W. Carter, Jr, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, reviews the ways that recent research in Structural Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Phylogenetics have opened the origins of genetic coding to experimental study and their important implications.
Digitally generated image, perfectly usable for all kinds of topics related to digital innovations, AI, data processing, network security or technology and computer science in general.

Flame system: Computerised cognitive assessment for remote brain health monitoring

Monitoring brain health, particularly cognition, in older adults is increasingly recognised as a significant priority for research, healthcare and broader public health. Find out here about the development and validation of the FLAME System, a computerised cognitive assessment for remote brain health monitoring.
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