Here, we learn how EU research project INCREASE offers a participatory research approach to characterise genetic resources in food legumes
28 international partners from 14 different countries make up the expert consortium of the EU research project INCREASE. Looking into the status of plant genetic resources of four important traditional European food legumes – chickpea, common bean, lentil and lupin – the INCREASE team works resolutely on the development of efficient and effective conservation tools and methods to foster agricultural biodiversity in Europe. Over the five-year running time, the project receives a budget of €7 million from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
The conservation and valorisation of food legume genetic resources and their utilisation in European agriculture form the core development of both more sustainable agriculture and healthier food products. Indeed, in 2019 the IPCC report titled “Climate Change and Land” indicated that the transition to novel plant-based diets could “present major opportunities for adaptation and mitigation while generating significant co-benefits in terms of human health.” Human plant protein intake is on the rise in many EU regions and the market for meat and dairy alternatives is undergoing annual growth rates of 14% and 11% respectively.
To face the increasing demand for innovative products and to comply with citizens’ demands for healthy and environmentally friendly food, novel crop varieties are needed and existing genetic resources in crop breeding must be properly exploited. However, especially in the field of food legumes, breeding investment and research have been modest, leading to a largely unexplored genetic potential of these important staple foods.
This is where INCREASE intends to systematically address current shortcomings: Focusing on chickpea, common bean, lentil and lupin, the project implements a new approach to conserve, manage and characterise genetic resources leading to benefits on different levels. It promises to attract additional private and public investment to boost food legumes breeding. Furthermore, the availability and access to well-specified and well-managed collections of genetic resources capturing the full range of species is of crucial importance for reaching a competitive level regarding agronomic performance and sustainability in the EU.
INCREASE combines cutting-edge approaches in plant genetics and genomics, high throughput phenotyping, including molecular phenotyping (e.g., transcriptomics and meta-bolomics) with most recent advances in information technology and artificial intelligence to boost the conservation of European crop genetic resources and promote their use and valorisation. “Indeed, utilisation of crop genetic resources is the key for their effective conservation,” says Roberto Papa, Full Professor of Plant Genetics at the Marche Polytechnic University in Ancona, Italy, and Scientific Coordinator of the project. “INCREASE involves many stakeholders including SMEs, research institutions and NGOs through a dedicated consortium of stakeholders to facilitate their integration in the project.”
“Moreover, we are testing a completely novel framework for genetic resources conservation on our food legumes. This will be revolutionising the landscape of agrobiodiversity conservation promoting crop diversity for a greener Europe and on a global scale,” Professor Papa adds.
To this end, the project aims to:
• Improve the management and sharing of food legume genetic resources data through optimised databases and easily accessible tools.
• Develop Intelligent Collections for the exploration of crop diversity and design innovative conservation management approaches collaboratively.
• Generate new knowledge on genetic diversity, made easily available through a web-based searching and visualisation tool to identify appropriate sources of germplasm.
• Develop, test and disseminate best practices for dynamic management of genetic resources across European and non-European institutions and initiatives.
• Develop decentralised information technology (e.g., block chain) approaches for data sharing and germplasm conservation.
• Promote ex situ and on farm conservation involving in a participatory framework farmers, citizens and other stakeholders.
INCREASE is guided by the EC principles “open science, open innovation and open to the world” and takes advantage of digital technologies to make science and innovation more collaborative and global. For this purpose, the project is testing a decentralised approach to the conservation and management of genetic resources by setting up a Citizen Science Experiment. In 2021, the project is starting to distribute more than 1,000 different common bean landraces to European citizens and farmers to be evaluated in their field/garden or on their terraces/balconies. Through their voluntary engagement the ‘Citizen Scientists’ will gain knowledge about legumes biodiversity and get actively involved in evaluation and conservation activities, as well as in sharing and exchanging seeds in a new legal framework via the specifically developed ‘INCREASE CSA’ mobile app (available for download in the Apple iStore and Google Play Store). This is a major innovation for the plant genetic resources community in sharing benefits and promoting the correct use of plant genetic resources.
The interdisciplinary INCREASE Consortium covers diverse expertise, including plant genomics, bioinformatics and data analysis, information technology, phenotyping and agronomy, gene banks management, germplasm conservation and sharing and biochemistry.
The INCREASE Project has received funding from the European Union’s HORIZON 2020 Research programme under the Grant Agreement no. 862862.
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