In a decisive move to combat packaging waste and promote sustainable practices, the European Parliament has adopted a series of new regulations aimed at reducing, reusing, and recycling packaging across the European Union
The new measures, which were approved with a significant majority of 476 votes in favour, 129 against, and 24 abstentions, promise to significantly alter the landscape of packaging waste management in Europe.
Key measures and targets for packaging waste management
According to statistics, in 2021, the EU generated 84 million tonnes of packaging waste, up from 66 million tonnes in 2009 – clearly, something has to change.
The new regulations introduce comprehensive measures covering the entire lifecycle of packaging. Central to these measures are ambitious packaging reduction targets: a 5% reduction by 2030, 10% by 2035, and 15% by 2040. These targets specifically focus on minimizing plastic packaging waste, which has been a growing concern due to its environmental impact.
To tackle unnecessary packaging, the legislation sets a maximum empty space ratio of 50% for grouped, transport, and e-commerce packaging. Additionally, manufacturers and importers are required to minimize the weight and volume of packaging.
Bans on single-use plastics and hazardous chemicals
Effective January 1, 2030, certain single-use plastic packaging types will be banned. These include packaging for unprocessed fresh fruits and vegetables, food and beverages consumed in cafés and restaurants, individual condiment portions, miniature toiletry packaging in accommodations, and very lightweight plastic carrier bags.
To further protect public health, the regulations also ban the use of “forever chemicals” (per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances or PFASs) in food contact packaging above specified thresholds.
Encouraging “Reuse and Refill”
The new rules set specific reuse targets for 2030, including packaging for alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, transport and sales packaging, and grouped packaging. Member states can apply for a five-year derogation under certain conditions.
Furthermore, beverage and takeaway food distributors must offer consumers the option to bring their own containers and aim to provide 10% of products in reusable packaging by 2030.
Boosting recycling efforts
Under the new rules, all packaging, excluding lightweight wood, cork, textile, rubber, ceramic, porcelain, and wax, must meet stringent recyclability criteria. The legislation also mandates minimum recycled content targets for plastic packaging and sets recycling targets by weight of packaging waste.
By 2029, 90% of single-use plastic and metal beverage containers up to three liters must be collected separately through deposit-return systems or equivalent solutions.
Industry and consumer participation
Rapporteur Frédérique Ries emphasized the inclusive and innovative nature of the new rules, stating, “For the first time in an environmental law, the EU is setting targets to reduce packaging, regardless of the material used. The new rules foster innovation and include exemptions for micro-enterprises. The ban on forever chemicals in food packaging is a great victory for the health of European consumers. We now call on all industrial sectors, EU countries, and consumers to play their part in the fight against excess packaging.”
Next steps for legislation and tackling packaging waste
Before these measures can come into effect, the Council must formally approve the agreement. This landmark legislation represents a significant step forward in the EU’s efforts to build a circular economy, reduce waste, and phase out non-sustainable packaging.
