According to sociologist Robert Merton (1942), the creation of universal and objective knowledge is dependent on the detachment of scientists from their work because passion and preconceived ideas are obstacles to objectivity and scientific progress.
In 1973, three biologists shared the Nobel Prize for medicine: two Austrians who had conducted most of their research in Germany, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz, and the Dutchman Nikolaas Tinbergen.
From empiricist to causal molecular understanding of life and back: Historical reflections on 19th and 21st-century epistemologies in biology
The German American physiologist and experimental...
Ute Deichmann of the Jacques Loeb Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences at Ben-Gurion University, explores the role hierarchical causal models have on constancy and plasticity in biology.
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