This article looks at how fraud has evolved, why continuous professional development (CPD) is crucial for fraud investigators, and some practical ways to stay sharp in the fight against fraud.
The #PayUp movement has called attention to the multi-billion dollar fashion brands who exploit Bangladeshi garment workers and have capitalised from underpaid UK garment workers.
Research from One Young World’s global network shows that 74% of their Peace Ambassadors do not believe racial discrimination will be changed by their politicians.
Özlem Bedre-Defolie, Associate Professor of Economics at ESMT Berlin, reflects on how platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook are tackling misinformation at this crucial hour.
Edgar A Whitley, Professor at LSE, co-chair of PCAG and consultant on Ada Lovelace review, highlights the problems with digital immunity certificates and contact tracing apps.
![Figure 1. Systemic immune responses elicited by oral dmLT-saponin combinations compared to injected vaccines (A) Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image of the dmLT and saponin formulation demonstrating the formation of acid-stable micelle particles upon the addition of saponin to dmLT. (B) Preclinical evaluation of systemic serum IgG and IgA antibody responses following prime/boost vaccination. Antibody levels against the microbial protein antigen included in the vaccination were assessed two weeks post-final vaccination in immunized mice. Groups were stratified by vaccination route (intramuscular [IM] or sublingual [SL]) and adjuvant formulation (dmLT [D] and/or saponin [S]). Comparisons with unvaccinated controls (white bars) are shown. Statistical significance between groups is indicated (*P < 0.05), with the SL D+S group achieving the best IgG and IgA responses to vaccine antigen.](https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Figure-01.jpg)
